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In chemistry, a carbene is a molecule containing a neutral carbon atom with a valence of two and two unshared valence electrons. The general formula is R-(C:)-R’ or R=C: where the R represent substituents or hydrogen atoms. Methylene is the simplest carbene. The term “carbene” mayContinue reading “Organic chemistry|GOC#12|reaction intermediate #Carbene “

In organic chemistry, free-radical halogenation is a type of halogenation. This chemical reaction is typical of alkanes and alkyl-substituted aromatics under application of UV light. The reaction is used for the industrial synthesis of chloroform (CHCl3),  dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), and hexachlorobutadiene. It proceeds by a free-radical chain mechanism. The chain mechanismContinue reading “Reaction Mechanism-4| Free radical mechanism #Halogenation of alkane”

A nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction. All molecules or ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they areContinue reading “Reaction mechanism-3 (Nucleophiles)”